Protection and Improvement of Environment: The Act's primary goal is to protect and improve the environment, encompassing air, water, and land. Central Government Powers: The Central Government has the authority to establish authorities, issue directions, and take action to address environmental issues. Environmental Pollution Control: The Act addresses environmental pollution in all its forms, including air, water, and noise pollution. Hazardous Substances: It regulates the handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous substances. Penalties and Enforcement: The Act provides for penalties and enforcement mechanisms for violations. Umbrella Act: The Environment Protection Act, 1986 is considered an umbrella act, as it covers various aspects of environmental protection. (